Adverse reactions to hair dye
Adverse reactions to hair dye
Numerous hair coloring products consist of components that have the
potential to cause skin irritation or trigger an allergic response.
It is crucial to acknowledge this potential hazard and possess the knowledge of appropriate actions to take. By adhering to basic safety guidelines, one can prevent any adverse reactions to hair dye.
This webpage provides guidance for individuals who utilize permanent or semi-permanent hair dye, particularly those with darker shades.
The reason behind the sensitivity of certain individuals towards hair dye remains a subject of interest
Certain individuals have a susceptibility to a skin condition known as contact dermatitis.
Their skin can exhibit various symptoms such as redness, dryness, scaliness, bumpiness, blistering, or irritation (inflammation) upon exposure to a specific substance.
The substance can have two potential effects on the skin: it can act as an irritant, causing direct damage to the skin, or it can function as an allergen, leading to an allergic reaction that impacts the skin.
Numerous permanent and certain semi-permanent hair coloring products
include an ingredient known as paraphenylenediamine (PPD), a recognized
irritant and allergen.
Dyes with a darker hue typically have a greater concentration of PPD.
Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) is responsible for the majority of adverse reactions associated with hair dye.
Is PPD safe?
Hair dyes that include PPD can be considered safe for use as long as
users adhere to safety guidelines. These items are subject to stringent
regulations, with a set cap on the allowable concentration of PPD within
the product.
Failure to adhere to the safety guidelines provided with the dye may
result in exposing oneself to the possibility of a severe reaction.
Individuals who possess (or have formerly possessed) a black henna tattoo are especially susceptible to potential risks.
It is advisable to steer clear of temporary tattoos due to the
potential high levels of PPD found in the paste, as this may heighten
the likelihood of experiencing an allergic reaction upon subsequent
exposure. Consequently, there is a possibility of developing a severe
allergic response when utilizing PPD hair dye in the future.
Gain further insight into the risks associated with black henna tattoos.
Ways to prevent a response to hair coloring
1. Skin patch test
It is crucial to conduct a patch test prior to utilizing a permanent or semi-permanent hair dye, regardless of whether you are using your usual brand.
Typically, this process entails applying a small quantity of the dye solution behind your ear or on your inner elbow and allowing it to dry. Adhere to the guidelines provided with the dye for proper usage.
In the event that you experience any irritation or discomfort post patch
test, it is recommended to refrain from using the product.
2. Medical facility specializing in the treatment of allergic conditions
A viable option is to undergo a patch test at an allergy clinic, which will help identify any chemicals that may trigger sensitivity in your body. By doing so, you can effectively scrutinize product labels and steer clear of items that contain these specific chemicals. Nevertheless, it is important to note that the clinic might not conduct tests for all the chemicals present in hair dyes.
3. Additional safety measures
If no reaction occurs from the patch test, it is safe to proceed with using the dye. However, it is important to take certain precautions:
- Ensure that you adhere to the recommended time and refrain from keeping it on for an extended duration.
- It is advisable to utilize gloves while administering the dye
- Afterwards, ensure that you thoroughly rinse your hair.
- It is important to meticulously adhere to the provided guidelines.
Indications and manifestations of an adverse reaction to hair dye
Responses to PPD may vary from slight discomfort on the scalp to an
allergic response that has the potential to induce severe symptoms
across the entire body.
Slight annoyance
If one experiences mild irritation due to PPD, it is possible to observe irritation and inflammation on various areas such as the scalp, neck, forehead, ears, or eyelids after the application of hair dye.
Exposure to PPD can result in redness, swelling, blistering, dryness,
thickening, and cracking of the skin, accompanied by sensations of
burning or stinging.
Signs of a reaction typically manifest within a 48-hour timeframe,
although immediate skin irritation may occur with potent irritants.
Learn more about irritant contact dermatitis.
Allergic reaction
Individuals who have a sensitivity to PPD may experience symptoms such as itching and swelling on their scalp and face.
PPD can also induce symptoms across the entirety of your physique, including pruritus, hives, and a general sense of malaise.
The onset of these symptoms might not occur until several hours or possibly days afterward.
An immediate hypersensitivity reaction that occurs rapidly is known as anaphylaxis, or "anaphylactic shock". Symptoms of anaphylaxis consist of:
- An individual may experience pruritic skin or an elevated, erythematous skin rash.
- The eyes, lips, hands, and feet may become enlarged and inflamed, with the eyelids potentially swelling to the extent that the eyes are unable to open.
- feeling lightheaded or faint
- Inflammation of the oral cavity, pharynx, or lingual region may result in challenges with respiration and ingestion.
- wheezing
- tummy pain, nausea and vomiting
- collapsing and becoming unconscious.
Steps to take in case of a reaction
Contact emergency services by dialing 999 in case of a severe allergic
reaction experienced by yourself or someone in your vicinity. Administer
an adrenaline injection if available.
In the event that you suspect you are encountering a response to hair
dye that is not urgent, it is recommended to adhere to the following
guidance:
Relieving mild symptoms
- Thoroughly cleanse your hair and scalp using a gentle shampoo in order to eliminate any leftover dye.
- Attempt to delicately administer a moisturizing treatment, such as aqueous cream or petroleum jelly, to the impacted skin.
Steroid cream
In cases where the skin displays significant redness, soreness, and
inflammation, the utilization of a steroid cream (topical corticosteroid) may be necessary. Such creams can be purchased over the
counter at a pharmacy, or alternatively, a healthcare provider may opt
to prescribe a stronger variant.
Read more about the treatment of contact dermatitis.
Antihistamine medicines
Antihistamines, a class of medications, have the potential to alleviate skin inflammation and itching. Consulting with a pharmacist or general practitioner will enable you to receive a suitable antihistamine recommendation.
Steering clear of products containing PPD.
In the event of experiencing a reaction to hair dye, even if it is
mild, it is advisable to discontinue the use of products containing PPD
entirely, as there is a possibility of developing a more serious
reaction in subsequent instances.
Consider experimenting with a more secure substitute, like a hair dye that is non-permanent and free from PPD. However, it is important to acknowledge that even with this option, there remains a potential for an adverse reaction to occur.